By the end of the employment lawsuit, nearly all of the original plaintiffs, including Mitsuye Endo, had permanently resettled outside of California. government, Purcell won an order from the Attorney General's office to reinstate the wrongfully terminated employees and provide backpay for time lost between the termination and evacuation. Endo and her family was later transferred to the Tule Lake War Relocation Center 300 miles north of Sacramento in Newell, CA at the Oregon border on June 19, 1942.Īfter the closure of the Japanese Internment Camps by the U.S. Walerga, 10–15 miles outside of Sacramento on May 15, 1942. Mitsuye Endo, herself was incarcerated, along with her entire family, first transported to the Sacramento Assembly Center, i.e. Each appellant, including Mitsuye Endo, contributed $10 to Purcell's legal fund.Īs the employment lawsuits against the California State Personnel Board were pending in court, Purcell's clients were evacuated out of Sacramento to internment camps.
Purcell agreed and filed each employee's individual appeal.
Purcell to represent them on their appeals. On behalf of the 63 terminated employees who were eligible to file an appeal, Sumio Miyamoto, a dismissed employee, along with the Japanese American Citizens League, requested for San Francisco attorney James C. The State's cause for termination of each of its Japanese American employees was based on a blanket of false charges ranging from being a Japanese citizen to subscribing to a Japanese newspaper. By Febru(eight days after Executive Order 9066 was signed and issued), the California Board of Equalization as directed by the State Personnel Board (SPB) had terminated all of California's civil servants of Japanese descent, totaling over 314 employees, including Mitsuye Endo. In response to the Pearl Harbor attack, the California Legislature adopted Senate Concurrent Resolution 15 on January 19, 1942, which effectively barred qualified U.S.-born employees of Japanese descent from obtaining civil service employment with the State. The California State Personnel Board lawsuit She was then incarcerated, along with her entire family, first transported to the Tule Lake War Relocation Center 300 miles north of Sacramento.Įndo met her future husband, Kenneth Tsutsumi, after she was moved to the Topaz War Relocation Center in Utah.
As a result, Endo was fired from her position as a stenographer at the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Mitsuye Endo is less well known than three others who protested the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066-Gordon Hirabayashi, Min Yasui, and Fred Korematsu, all of whom received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.Following the Decemattack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, compelling the forced evacuation and incarceration of Japanese-Americans from the west coast in U.S. This ruling led to Japanese Americans being allowed to return to the West Coast and the eventual closing of the camps. government could not continue to detain a citizen who was “concededly loyal” to the United States in concentration camps. Finally, in December 1944, the Supreme Court decision in Ex parte Endo ruled that the U.S. The petition was denied, and several other petitions were filed as well. Seeking her release, Purcell filed a habeas corpus petition in July 1942 approximately five months after the signing of Executive Order 9066. Purcell selected Endo as an “ideal” plaintiff who could symbolize the loyalty of Japanese Americans. Attorney James Purcell planned to challenge the legality of Endo’s firing but because of Executive Order 9066 and the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans along the West Coast, he decided instead to challenge their incarceration.
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